U.S. Federal Climate Policy Priorities

Relevant to: All companies.

Why it Matters: Decarbonizing electric power generation is critical to meet the U.S. NDC and achieve net-zero emissions economy-wide by 2050. To ensure that our increasingly electrified economy is powered with clean energy, new policies are needed to limit pollution from power plants and modernize the grid to enable deployment of zero-carbon electricity at scale. Updating transmission and interconnection rules, including reform of the cost-allocation process for interregional transmission projects, is also critical to accelerate buildout of renewable energy and make the grid more resilient to extreme weather events. Policies should ensure that climate pollution from the power sector drops at least 80% below 2005 levels by 2030 on a path to 100% clean by 2035, with prioritized action in communities bearing a disproportionate burden of air pollution.

Key Policies to Support

• Administrative Action
  • FERC:  
    • Enact Interregional Transfer Capacity Minimums to facilitate the sale of renewable energy from one region to another with high demand.  
    • Create a “State Agreement Process” where states within a planning region can develop and agree to a cost allocation for projects identified in planning. 
    • Reform Interconnection Rules to mitigate the backlog of clean energy projects in the queue, including by enabling cost-sharing for grid upgrades among generators. 
  • EPA:  
    • Finalize strong power plant rules on carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants under sections 111(b) and 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.  
    • Strengthen and modernize the Mercury and Air Toxic Standards (MATS) to protect communities from toxic pollution. 
  • Treasury: Promptly issue guidance on the clean energy tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act. 

• Congressional Action
  • Oppose any efforts to roll back the clean energy incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act. Clean energy is now the most affordable option and funding from the Inflation Reduction Act is turbocharging its adoption.
  • Ensure that any permitting reform legislation prioritizes clean energy development, preserves bedrock environmental laws and protects disadvantaged communities. 

Timeline for Business Engagement

• Fall: Watch for FERC’s proposal on interregional transfer capacity minimums.  
• Ongoing: Issue public statement supporting the new power plant standards and urging the EPA to finalize the rule by the end of 2023.
• Ongoing: Engage lawmakers and issue public statements to demonstrate support for the clean energy incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act. 

Relevant to: Companies with significant GHG emissions associated with transportation, companies in the automotive and/or EV charging supply chain, aircraft manufacturers and fuel producers. 

Why it Matters: The transportation sector is the largest source of U.S. GHG emissions, as well as air pollution responsible for 20,000 premature deaths a year. To meet the U.S. NDC, updated standards are needed to ensure all new cars, trucks and buses sold in the U.S. are zero-emitting by 2035 and to accelerate the transition for freight vehicles operating in ports, distribution facilities and urban centers. This rapid progress is achievable thanks to private-sector investment in EV manufacturing, federal incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act and state policies such as the Advanced Clean Trucks rule.  

New policies are also needed to limit GHG emissions from the rapidly growing aviation sector. Aviation policies must address CO2 and non-CO2 emissions and set mandatory reduction targets that are science-based and consistent with achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Establishing policies to incentivize the use of high-integrity sustainable aviation fuels is also essential to rapidly decarbonize this sector.

Key Policies to Support

• Administrative Action
  • EPA
    • Finalize GHG emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles (Phase 3) before the end of 2023. 
    • Finalize Multipollutant standards for light- and medium duty vehicles before the end of 2023. 
    • Strengthen multi-pollutant, technology-forcing standards to limit aircraft emissions, building on the Control of Air Pollution from Aircraft Engines rule, and support the inclusion of e-fuels in the next phase of the Renewable Fuel Standard.  
  • Treasury: Finalize guidance on alternative fuels requirements for federal refundable tax credits with effective social and environmental safeguards.

• Congressional Action
  • Enact a science-based low-carbon fuel standard that includes aviation fuels. 
  • Oppose any efforts to roll back the clean transportation incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act.  

Timeline for Business Engagement 

• Fall: Issue public statement supporting the GHG emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles (Phase 3) and urging the EPA to finalize the rule by the end of 2023.
• Ongoing: Issue public statements urging the Treasury to maintain rigorous standards for high integrity sustainable aviation fuels in IRA tax credit eligibility.  
• Ongoing: Engage lawmakers and issue public statements to demonstrate support for the clean transportation incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act.

Relevant to: Companies in the industrial sectors (e.g., cement, steel, chemicals, pulp and paper) and that use industrially produced materials as inputs (e.g., construction, vehicle manufacturing).

Why it Matters: Industry accounts for 23% U.S. GHG emissions, making it the third highest emitter after electricity and transportation. Factoring in CO2 emissions from electricity generation, industry accounts for 30% of total U.S. emissions and is the highest emitter. To meet 2050 climate goals, the U.S. industrial sector must reduce emissions from energy use by approximately 74% from 2019 levels by 2040; industrial process emissions must also be significantly reduced. New policies will be needed to drive industrial decarbonization at the speed and scale to meet these targets. Strategies to decarbonize the sector include (1) promoting energy efficiency and industrial electrification; (2) deploying innovative processes and low-carbon fuels, and (3) enhancing material efficiency, recycling, and circular economy. Specifically, there are key opportunities now to build a robust market for clean materials and ensure that key technologies like hydrogen are deployed effectively.

Key Policies to Support

• Administrative Action
  • CEQ Buy Clean Initiative: develop robust processes to certify clean products through standardized Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), and product category rules (PCRs). 
  • DOE: establish a consistent classification of hydrogen lifecycle GHG emissions that accounts for leakage of all GHGs (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, and even hydrogen itself), and uses effective accounting mechanisms that recognize short-lived climate pollution.  

• Congressional Action
  • Sustain funding for RD&D in industrial processes to address specific technical challenges. Even after BIL/IRA, industry remains relatively underfunded in RDD&D compared to other sectors.  
  • Develop policies that encourage material efficiency, substitution, reuse and recycling, especially for steel, aluminum, and plastic.  
  • Oppose any efforts to roll back the clean manufacturing incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act.  

Timeline for Business Engagement

• Ongoing: Apply to DOE grants New BIL/IRA programs are injecting unprecedented resources into a wide variety of industrial opportunities, including the $5.8B Advanced Industrial Facilities Deployment Program and the 48C tax credit for industrial retrofits. 
• Ongoing: Watch for opportunities to support administrative action on Clean Procurement-related policy. 
• Ongoing: Engage lawmakers and issue public statements to demonstrate support for the clean manufacturing incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act.  

Relevant to: Oil and gas companies, electric utilities and natural gas providers; companies that use natural gas as a manufacturing input, major electricity users in states with gas-heavy grids.

Why it Matters: Methane accounts for about 30% of today’s warming, and its largest industrial source in the U.S. is oil and gas operations. Other pollutants emitted alongside methane exacerbate respiratory illness and contribute to ground-level ozone and smog, increasing the risk of heart disease. These impacts fall disproportionately on low-income communities and communities of color. To meet the U.S. NDC, new policies are needed to reduce methane emissions economy-wide 40% below 2005 levels by 2030. Minimizing methane emissions from oil and gas is the fastest and most cost-effective way to slow climate change. This sector can achieve a 75% reduction with technologies available today, with some solutions even leading to a net profit. EPA recently finalized two public comment periods to receive input on its proposed standards to reduce methane emissions and other harmful pollution from new and existing natural gas facilities. Once EPA finalizes these rules later this year, states will have 18 months to develop and submit implementation plans.

Key Policies to Support

• Administrative Action
  • DOT: Finalize rule on protective standards requiring the use of advanced leak detection technologies to identify and repair methane leaks from natural gas pipelines. 
  • EPA:
    • Maximize methane and co-pollutant emissions reductions through the Methane Emission Reduction Program (MERP) and ensure that reporting is based on real-world emissions data through the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP). 
    • Finalize protective standards for new and existing oil and gas facilities, including strengthened provisions for leak monitoring, polluting pneumatic devices and flaring.  

• Congressional Action
  • Oppose any attempts to undermine progress on methane reduction. Defend methane-related provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act (e.g., Methane Emissions Reduction Program). 

Timeline for Business Engagement

• Ongoing: Engage lawmakers and issue public statements to demonstrate support for the methane-related provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act (e.g., Methane Emissions Reduction Program). 

Relevant to: Companies in the food and agricultural supply chain, from producers to retailers.

Why it Matters: Agriculture accounts for more than 10% of all U.S. GHG emissions and is the country’s next largest source of methane emissions after oil and gas. USDA’s voluntary, incentive-based conservation programs enable producers to adopt practices that build soil health, sequester carbon and reduce GHG emissions, while also improving water quality and resilience to drought and flood. These programs also help companies in the food and agriculture sector reduce their Scope 3 emissions.  

The reauthorization of the Farm Bill, which expires September 30th, represents the best opportunity in decades to meet producer demand for conservation programs. Support from businesses will be critical to preserve funding for these programs, including those expanded by the Inflation Reduction Act. Key programs include the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, the Conservation Stewardship Program, the Regional Conservation Partnership Program and Rural Energy for America Program. There’s also an opportunity to accelerate FDA approval for livestock feed additives that reduce enteric methane emissions from livestock, which accounts for 41% of agricultural GHG emissions in the U.S. 

Key Policies to Support

• Congressional Action
  • Maintain mandatory funding levels for conservation programs in the Farm Bill and preserve new funding for such programs allocated by the Inflation Reduction Act.  
  • Enact legislation to reform and streamline FDA review of enteric methane inhibiting products while ensuring safety and efficacy of enteric methane reducing products. 

Timeline for Business Engagement

• Ongoing: Advocate for the protection of funding for conservation programs during the appropriations process and Farm Bill reauthorization.  

Relevant to: All companies.

Why it Matters: Climate change presents material risks across the U.S. economy including to corporations, their investors, and the markets and communities in which they operate. Unlike other financial risks, however, climate-related financial risk is not routinely disclosed to the public. Momentum for corporate disclosure is growing due to increasingly stringent reporting requirements in Europe, the proliferation of voluntary frameworks and standards, and demand from investors, but the U.S. still lacks a regulatory framework for consistent and reliable disclosure of climate-related financial risk. Given the inadequacy of the current regime, the SEC issued a proposed rule requiring publicly traded companies to disclose the financial risks they face from climate change. The SEC intends to finalize that rule in 2023.  

The SEC’s rule would benefit investors, who need more and better information on climate-related financial risks, as well as companies, due to a more streamlined and credible disclosure process. Public support for the final rule from both investors and companies is critical to defend the rule from attempts to repeal it through litigation and/or legislation.   

Key Policies to Support

• Administrative Action
  • SEC: Promptly finalize new, mandatory disclosure regulations that will yield comparable, specific and decision-useful climate risk information. 

• Congressional Action
  • Oppose any attempts to repeal the SEC’s mandatory climate disclosure rule through the Congressional Review Act. 

Timeline for Business Engagement (Fall 2023) 

• As soon as the SEC issues the final rule, make a public statement welcoming it and saying why you support mandatory climate disclosure. Communicate the same message to your members of Congress.  
• After you have read the rule, issue a second statement commenting on how the final rule improves upon the proposed rule. Communicate the same message to your members of Congress.  
• Consider joining an amicus brief in support of the final SEC climate disclosure rule in any litigation that moves forward to repeal it.